Final answer:
Advance directives are intended to convert patients' preferences into enforceable physician's orders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is b) Advance directives. Advance directives are legal documents that allow individuals to express their preferences and make decisions about their medical treatment in advance. They help convert patients' preferences into enforceable physician's orders. Advance directives include living wills, do not resuscitate (DNR) orders, and health care proxies.