Final answer:
The preamble phrase "establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility" means establishing a fair legal system and maintaining internal peace in the country.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the preamble of the United States Constitution, the phrase "establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility" refers to establishing a fair legal system and maintaining peace within the country. This is about creating a system of justice that is fair and equitable and ensuring that there is peace and order domestically. The phrase does not directly relate to ensuring equal distribution of resources, promoting international alliances and cooperation, or fostering economic prosperity and growth, which are separate concepts outside of the scope of this part of the preamble. Instead, ensure domestic tranquility refers to preventing internal conflicts, such as those seen under the Articles of Confederation, and establishing justice involves setting up a legal system where laws are fairly enforced, as exemplified by the federal courts and the Supreme Court.