Final answer:
In nonindustrial societies, the primary adaptive strategies for food production are hunter-gatherer, pastoralism, and agriculture, which include activities like hunting, domesticating animals, and farming.
Step-by-step explanation:
In nonindustrial societies, the adaptive strategies based on food production are A) Hunter-gatherer, pastoralism, and agriculture. These strategies reflect the various ways through which societies have historically met their subsistence needs - by gathering and hunting wild resources, domesticating and herding animals, and cultivating plants. Each mode of subsistence involves distinctive strategies for producing, exchanging, and consuming necessary items like food, clothing, and shelter. Pastoralism involves the domestication of animals, offering food, clothing, and transportation, and is characteristic of societies like the Maasai. Agriculture involves the systematic cultivation of plants, leading to the development of settled societies with the capability of producing food surpluses.