Final answer:
An easement by necessity might be created when a property is sold without a designated access point, necessitating right-of-way over the seller's adjacent land to reach public roads. Restrictive covenants and easements are used to impose non-governmental restrictions on land use, often for private agreements or public benefits such as open space conservation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sale of a property without an express easement, but with only one access way across the adjacent lot owned by the grantor, might create what is known as an easement by necessity. This type of easement arises when a parcel of land is sold and as a result, it has no access to a public road except over the seller's remaining land. The law recognizes that a buyer must be able to access their property, so it implies an easement over the former owner's adjacent land to prevent landlocking. An easement by necessity is established out of the principle that land should not be rendered useless.
Restrictive covenants and easements are tools used by land developers to place non-governmental restrictions on property use. While easements often grant the use of another's property for a specific purpose, restrictive covenants can restrict how property owners use their own land, for example preventing certain types of buildings or uses that could harm the values or aesthetics of the neighborhood.
Easements are also used for public purposes, such as the preservation of open space and conservation. These easements can ensure that certain properties remain undeveloped, thus contributing to public objectives by preserving green spaces and ensuring availability for public enjoyment and environmental protection.