Final answer:
Rapid and continuous rewarming in a warm water bath until flushing of the skin occurs is the prescribed treatment for frostbite of the toes. Hot or cold water should be avoided as they may cause further damage. Monitoring for signs of circulation return is crucial during treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most appropriate and effective treatment for frostbite is rapid and continuous rewarming of the affected area in a warm water bath until there is a return of flushing to the skin, which signifies the restoration of circulation. The process typically involves immersing the frostbitten toes into a warm water bath (usually at a temperature of about 37°C to 39°C or 98.6°F to 102.2°F) because extreme temperatures can further damage the tissue. As the skin warms and circulation improves, flushing of the skin occurs, which is an indication that blood flow is returning to the previously constricted blood vessels.
Applying hot water or rewarming the toes in cold water are not recommended techniques as they can cause additional tissue damage. The nurse should also watch for signs of returning circulation and potential complications, administering appropriate medical care as directed by healthcare providers.