Final answer:
Improper closure of the neural tube during embryonic development can lead to neural tube defects such as spina bifida or anencephaly. These conditions result in severe complications like paralysis or absence of brain tissue. Adequate maternal folate intake is essential for preventing these birth defects.
Step-by-step explanation:
If the neural tube doesn't close properly, it can result in a group of birth defects known as neural tube defects. Among the most common of these is spina bifida, where the spinal tissue protrudes through the vertebral column, leading to various health complications, including potential paralysis. Another severe condition is anencephaly, characterized by a partial or complete absence of brain tissue. The closure of the neural tube is vital, as it not only affects the central nervous system but also impacts the development of surrounding tissues and most of the peripheral nervous system. Factors such as a deficiency in maternal folate intake early in pregnancy can contribute to the risk of these conditions.