Final answer:
The regularly structured surface layer like floor tiles is the S-layer, a mixture of structural proteins and glycoproteins outside the cell wall in bacteria.
Step-by-step explanation:
The surface layer that is regularly structured and patterned like floor tiles is the C: S-layer. An S-layer is a specific type of cell envelope structure that is composed of a mixture of structural proteins and glycoproteins. This layer is particularly noticeable in bacteria, where it is found outside of the cell wall, and in certain archaea, it functions as the cell wall itself.
Although the precise functions of S-layers are not fully understood, they are believed to contribute to several processes, including helping cells withstand osmotic pressure and aiding some pathogens in evading or interacting with the host immune system.