Final answer:
OSHA standards applicable in Section 301 are related to numerous workplace safety measures like fall protection and chemical exposure. These requirements fall under the mandate provided by the Occupational Safety and Health Act to protect employee health and safety, supported by enforcement through inspections and fines.
Step-by-step explanation:
The OSHA standards and/or CDC guidelines that would apply as discussed in Section 301 are those related to workplace safety and health regulations. OSHA is empowered to create legally binding standards to protect employees from workplace hazards, as per the Occupational Safety and Health Act. The types of requirements imposed by OSHA standards can include measures like providing fall protection systems, preventing exposure to infectious diseases, ensuring safe conditions in confined spaces, minimizing exposure to harmful chemicals, enforcing the use of safety guards on machines, supplying appropriate respirators or safety equipment, and mandating highly specific training for dangerous jobs in a language workers can understand.
For example, OSHA may require employers to adhere to certain safety protocols to prevent trenching cave-ins or to provide guardrails to prevent employee falls on construction sites. Employers must also respect the General Duty Clause which obliges them to keep their workplace free of serious recognized hazards even when specific OSHA standards are not in place. Furthermore, OSHA is tasked with enforcing these standards, and Compliance Safety and Health Officers may inspect, assess fines, and respond to worker complaints or referrals. The agency's enforcement powers are significant, ranging from planned inspections in hazardous industries to post-incident investigations.