Final answer:
The American political system is characterized by federalism, a democratic presidential republic, a two-party system, and principles like liberty and equality. It functions with a separation of powers and the president is elected via the Electoral College.
Step-by-step explanation:
Some of the major characteristics of the American political system include its status as a democratic presidential republic, where power is divided between national and state governments—a system known as federalism. It has a two-party system, where two major political parties, the Democrats and Republicans, dominate the political landscape. Unlike a single-party system, which implies only one political party is in power, or a theocratic governance and autocracy, where power may be controlled by religious leaders or one individual respectively, the United States is founded on principles like liberty, equality, individualism, and the protection of civil liberties. The president is elected by the Electoral College rather than a direct popular vote and serves a limited term with a separation of powers among different branches of government.