Final answer:
The most likely health history associated with an 18-year-old student diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis is a recent sore throat, which can lead to post-infectious glomerulonephritis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option : c
Acute glomerulonephritis is often a post-infectious condition, commonly developing after an infection elsewhere in the body, such as a sore throat caused by certain strains of bacteria, like group A streptococcus. This infection can lead to the development of antibodies that cross-react with the glomeruli in the kidneys. Symptoms such as dark urine, which may indicate the presence of blood (hematuria), fever, and flank pain, align with glomerulonephritis rather than the other options listed which include renal calculi (kidney stones), renal trauma, or family history of acute glomerulonephritis.
The other options do not commonly present with this set of symptoms in the context of glomerulonephritis. For example, renal calculi could result in hematuria, but they are usually associated with severe episodic pain known as renal colic, and not necessarily with fever. Renal trauma would typically require a history of injury or impact, and a family history of the disease does not equate to a direct cause of an acute episode in the individual affected.