Final answer:
Coding resumes or applications by gender or race is a violation of the Civil Rights Act, as it constitutes employment discrimination based on race or gender, which is prohibited by the Act.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the choices provided, the action that constitutes a violation of the Civil Rights Act is coding resumes or applications by gender or race. This is because the Civil Rights Act prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Requiring educational achievements that are related to job performance or business needs, conducting aptitude tests for all employment candidates, and limiting applications to degreed candidates only do not inherently violate the Civil Rights Act as long as they are applied equally and fairly without discriminating against protected classes.