Final answer:
Helmets work by using their outer shells to disperse force and their inner foam shells to absorb impact energy, thereby reducing the risk of head injuries. The fit and safety ratings of helmets are also vital in enhancing their protective efficiency, with studies showing that helmets with higher safety ratings lead to fewer concussions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Helmets are designed to protect the head during an accident by absorbing impact energy and protecting against penetration. The outer shell of a helmet is made to be tough and rigid, often crafted from materials like fiberglass or polycarbonate. This shell serves to disperse the force over a larger area and to prevent sharp objects from penetrating. The inner shell, usually made of foam materials such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), plays a critical role in managing energy absorption. During an accident, the foam deforms to absorb the energy of the impact, which helps to reduce the force transmitted to the wearer's head and brain, significantly reducing the risk of serious injuries.
Importance of helmet fit and design
The fit and design of the helmet are also crucial to its protective capabilities. In sports like football, the NCAA and NFL have sought to improve safety by regulating helmet designs and encouraging the use of helmets with higher safety ratings. Research has indicated that helmets with higher safety ratings are associated with a reduction in concussions among players. Therefore, choosing the right helmet that fits well and meets these safety standards is an essential step in minimizing the risk of head injuries in both sporting activities and everyday life.