Final answer:
Masonry is the common building material that encompasses bricks, stones, and concrete blocks. Historical construction methods have evolved from simple stacking of bricks and stones to the use of advanced materials such as lightweight concrete and eco-friendly options in contemporary architecture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of common building material that includes bricks, stones, and concrete blocks is referred to as masonry. Ancient building techniques often involved stacking materials such as wood, brick, stone, or mud bricks to create sturdy structures, some of which, particularly those made of stone or brick, have stood the test of time. In contrast, wood, though widely used, hasn't lasted as long due to its susceptibility to weather conditions and fire.
During ancient times, another prevalent construction method was the post and lintel system, which contained two vertical pillars supporting a horizontal element. Innovations over the centuries have introduced new materials and methods, like the Romans use of concrete and brick, enclosed in a stucco façade or finished with high-end materials such as marble, allowing taller and more complex structures.
In modern times, advancements in concrete technology have led to the development of lightweight concrete made from a mixture of coarse aggregates and fine aggregates such as shale, clay, or slate, which offers benefits in building rates, longevity, and thermal protection. Additionally, contemporary architectural materials have further diversified the range of construction options, incorporating eco-friendly and high-strength materials like fast-drying cement and recycled materials to meet the demands of new designs and environmental sustainability.