Final answer:
A high pitch is perceived when sound waves are closely spaced together, due to higher frequency. Humans can distinguish differences in frequency as small as 0.3%, and musical instruments create specific notes based on these frequencies. Some individuals with 'perfect pitch' can even identify specific notes by ear.
Step-by-step explanation:
A pitch that is heard when waves are closely spaced together is described as a high pitch. This is because the frequency of sound waves, which the ear perceives as pitch, is higher when the waves are more closely spaced. The frequency of a sound wave is measured in hertz (Hz), which is the number of cycles per second. For example, a bird's chirp, which has waves that are closely spaced, has a high pitch due to its high frequency, whereas the roar of a lion has a lower pitch due to its lower frequency. Since pitch perception is mainly influenced by frequency, it is not significantly affected by other properties such as loudness or amplitude.
Moreover, humans have excellent relative pitch, which allows us to differentiate between sounds that have slightly different frequencies—as little as 0.3% variance. For instance, we are able to tell the difference between two sounds with frequencies of 500.0 Hz and 501.5 Hz. Additionally, musical instruments produce notes that correspond to certain frequencies, and these notes can combine to create music. Some individuals possess 'perfect pitch', the ability to identify musical notes just by hearing them without any reference tone.