Final answer:
The Fourteenth Amendment's term for the place a person calls home is 'residence'. This amendment defined U.S. citizenship based on birth or naturalization, mandating equal protection and due process of law, effectively countering prior discriminatory legal frameworks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term referred to in the Fourteenth Amendment that means the place a person calls home is residence. This amendment stated that "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." Specifically, the Fourteenth Amendment established birthright citizenship based on jus soli and also laid out other important clauses that impact U.S. law, such as the Equal Protection Clause and the Due Process Clause.
By declaring that anyone born or naturalized in the U.S. is a citizen, the amendment overturned the Dred Scott decision and removed the distinctions that previously existed because of the three-fifths compromise. The amendment also stipulated that states could not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny any person within their jurisdiction equal protection of the laws. Additionally, it sanctioned the reduction of House representatives and Electoral College electors for any state that denied suffrage to adult male inhabitants, and barred those who had engaged in insurrections or rebellions against the U.S. from holding political or military office without a two-thirds Congress pardon.