Final answer:
General law cities are limited by state statutes, while home rule cities have a charter that allows them greater autonomy. Home rule cities can create local laws and policies, but these are subject to state authority as per Dillon's Rule.
Step-by-step explanation:
The key distinction between general law cities and home rule cities lies in their level of autonomy from the state government. General law cities operate under the provisions and constraints of state law—they have only those powers expressly granted to them by the state statutes. In contrast, home rule cities have a charter that provides a framework for their governance, granting them a greater degree of independence to govern themselves and make decisions on local matters, provided they do not conflict with state law or the constitution.
For instance, home rule cities can enact ordinances, taxes, and policies tailored to their local needs without needing state approval, unless they are overruled by the state, as was the case with the City of Denton's fracking ban in Texas.
This structure adheres to Dillon's Rule, which holds state authority above that of local governments. However, with a charter, home rule cities can have more control over local affairs, offering a more customized approach to governance that can be adjusted to the specific needs and preferences of the local community.