Final answer:
The right to bus students to overcome racial imbalance is upheld by the Supreme Court if it remedies outcomes of past intentional segregation, as delineated in Milliken v. Bradley and based on Brown v. Board of Education.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Supreme Court has sustained the right of judges to order school districts to bus students to overcome racial imbalance if and only if it is to remedy the consequences of past intentional segregation. This is rooted in decisions such as Milliken v. Bradley (1974), which stated that busing could not be used across school district lines to achieve racial balance unless it was proven that segregation was a direct result of intentional actions violating the precedents set by Brown v. Board of Education.
Post-Milliken, busing has been an essential tool for addressing de facto segregation that arises when 'white flight' affects the demographic makeup of urban and suburban schools, impacting the funding and resources of those urban schools compared to their suburban counterparts.