Final answer:
In engineering, the question pertains to the consideration of dynamic conditions like pressure and volume changes in the design of piping systems to prevent system failure and ensure safety and functionality.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dynamic external or internal conditions such as fluctuating flow rates, hydraulic shock, and solid or liquid slugging, must be factored into the design of piping systems. Factors like pressure and volume, which are macroscopic variables, play a crucial role in the movement of matter against opposing forces in such systems. For instance, slope material saturated with water could cause mudflows, affecting the surrounding infrastructure by disrupting the flow and increasing resistance, prompting a drop in pressure much like the pressure variation in a water main during periods of high usage.
Flow and resistance are fundamental concepts that lead to the pressure drops in piping systems, as seen when water pressure in a home is decreased due to heavy consumption on hot days. The pressure drops occur because of increased resistance and reduction in flow rate as the fluid navigates through the constricted pipelines, often causing turbulence that further impedes fluid movement.
In engineering terms, these dynamics are critical when designing systems to ensure they can handle such variations without failure, thus securing functionality and safety. An engineering design that does not consider these variables may experience system failure, which could lead to infrastructure damage or environmental hazards, such as contamination from fracking activities.