Final answer:
Gottfriedson & Hirschi propose the Control Theory, which states that the cause of crime is a lack of social bonds and attachments. They identify four types of social bonds that connect individuals to society: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gottfriedson & Hirschi propose a theory called Control Theory, which states that social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society. According to their theory, the main cause of crime is a lack of social bonds and attachments. They identify four types of social bonds that connect individuals to society: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.
Attachment refers to our connections to others, commitment refers to the investments we make in the community, involvement refers to our participation in socially legitimate activities, and belief refers to an agreement on common values in society. When these social bonds are weak or absent, individuals are more likely to engage in criminal behavior.