Final answer:
The population of South Asia faced challenges post political map shifts including massive displacement of people due to partition and ongoing population growth stressing economic systems and natural resources.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the major challenges South Asia faced following the shifts in political boundaries was the large-scale displacement of people. When borders were redrawn during the partition of India and Pakistan, about 12 million people were uprooted leading to a refugee crisis. This migration resulted in significant loss of life, disruption to communities, and intercommunal violence, particularly as Hindus and Muslims migrated to their respective newly-formed countries where their religion was in the majority.
Another challenge is rooted in the region's ongoing population growth, which pressures the already strained economic systems and rapidly depletes natural resources. This growth exacerbates existing problems such as unemployment, creates shortages of essential commodities, and contributes to environmental degradation. Simultaneously, the rural-to-urban shift is transforming urban landscapes, demanding expansions in infrastructure and housing, and adding further strain on the ability of South Asian countries to effectively manage their urban centers.