Final answer:
The question regards the physics principles of projectile motion, muzzle velocity, air resistance, and recoil mechanics. Without additional information, quantitatively answering part (a) is not feasible, but increased muzzle velocity would extend the range and reduce the influence of air resistance. Understanding recoil involves conservation of momentum and the benefits of damping mechanisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student has asked a question related to the physics of projectiles, specifically relating to muzzle velocity, air resistance, and recoil mechanics within the context of military operations. These concepts are fundamental to understanding projectile motion and the forces acting on projectiles and firearms.
(a) To determine how low a bullet would hit a target at 150.0 m when it is sighted for 100.0 m, we would use the equations of motion for projectiles. However, without further information such as the angle of elevation, a precise calculation cannot be completed.
(b) A greater muzzle velocity would result in the bullet traveling farther before being significantly affected by gravity, assuming no change in angle. Increased muzzle velocity would also potentially reduce the effects of air resistance over shorter ranges due to reduced time in flight, but over longer distances, the bullet would still be susceptible to air drag.
As for recoil mechanics, the recoil velocity of a gun can be calculated by conserving momentum. When an internal part of the gun recoils over a larger distance, the average force needed to stop it is reduced, which is more comfortable for the shooter.