Final answer:
Interstitial diffusion is faster than vacancy diffusion because small particles can move more easily through the lattice structure of a solid. Factors such as mass of the molecules, temperature, and concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
Interstitial diffusion is faster than vacancy diffusion because it involves smaller particles that can move more easily through the lattice structure of a solid. Interstitial diffusion occurs when small atoms or molecules squeeze into the spaces between the atoms in a crystal lattice, while vacancy diffusion happens when atoms or ions move from one lattice site to an adjacent empty site.
In interstitial diffusion, the small particles have the advantage of being able to move freely between the lattice points without disrupting the overall structure. On the other hand, vacancy diffusion involves the exchange of lattice positions, which requires breaking and reforming bonds. This process is slower and less efficient compared to interstitial diffusion.
Additionally, the rate of diffusion is influenced by factors such as the mass of the molecules diffusing, temperature, and the concentration gradient. For example, lighter molecules diffuse faster than heavier ones, and higher temperatures increase the energy and movement of molecules, leading to faster diffusion.