Final answer:
The Golgi apparatus is the organelle that processes and ships proteins after they are synthesized by ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the Golgi.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organelle responsible for receiving, processing, and shipping proteins is the B. Golgi apparatus. This organelle functions much like a mail room. Proteins that are synthesized on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) are transported to the Golgi apparatus. Here, the Golgi modifies the proteins, adds necessary molecules such as sugars, sorts them, packages them into vesicles, and tags them with their 'shipping addresses.' Then it sends them off to their correct destination within the cell, to the cell membrane, or outside the cell. The transport vesicles from the ER merge with the Golgi apparatus at its receiving face, near the endoplasmic reticulum, and after processing, the proteins are released from the opposite side of the Golgi apparatus.