Final answer:
Deferential vulnerability can be a factor in a job interview setting due to the power imbalance that may exist between the interviewer and the interviewee. Collective behavior is exemplified by a group of people gathering to hear an author speak, as their behavior is not structured by formal rules but arises spontaneously.
Step-by-step explanation:
An example of a situation where deferential vulnerability might be a factor is in a job interview scenario. Deferential vulnerability refers to a person's susceptibility to harm, often in a situation where there is a power imbalance and a person feels obliged to defer to another's judgment. In a job interview, the interviewer holds the power and the interviewee may feel pressured to conform to expectations or requests, even if they are uncomfortable or potentially harmful.
Now, to address the separate question of collective behavior, an example of this would be b. A group of people interested in hearing an author speak. Collective behavior refers to actions taken by a group of people in response to an event, situation, or phenomenon that are not guided by any established rules or laws but emerge spontaneously.