Final answer:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012) was a court case challenging the constitutionality of the ACA. The Supreme Court upheld the Medicare expansion but limited the federal government's ability to withhold Medicare funding from non-participating states. The Court also determined that Congress had the power to apply the individual mandate as a tax.
Step-by-step explanation:
The court case National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012) was a challenge to the constitutionality of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). The case involved arguments about the individual mandate that required citizens to purchase health insurance or pay a fine, as well as the Medicare expansion. The Supreme Court's 5-4 decision found that the Medicare expansion was permissible, but that the federal government could not withhold all Medicare funding for states that refused to accept the expansion. The decision also determined that Congress had the power to apply the mandate to purchase health insurance under its enumerated power to tax.