Final answer:
Whorf's linguistic determinism theory states that language influences thought and perception, which is option 'a'. This is part of the broader concept known as linguistic relativity or Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that accurately describes Whorf's linguistic determinism is that language influences thought and perception. This concept is part of the broader Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, also known as linguistic relativity, which suggests that the particular language one speaks influences how they conceptualize and understand reality. The hypothesis posits that language shapes our thoughts because different languages present different ways of processing the world around us. Additionally, this hypothesis implies that the vocabulary and structure of a language can affect its speakers' cognition and behavior.
For instance, the way time is conceptualized in various languages can influence how speakers of those languages perceive and manage time. Consequently, linguistic determinism can extend to cultural behaviors, such as the perception of certain numbers being associated with bad luck in different cultures, which is influenced by linguistic and cultural representations embedded in language.