Final answer:
The development of Mesopotamia was led by the fertile river valleys formed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The Mesopotamians used irrigation systems to control the water and grow excess food, resulting in the success of various cities in the region.
Step-by-step explanation:
The geographical characteristic that led to the development of Mesopotamia was the fertile river valleys formed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. These rivers provided abundant water and fertile soil, allowing for the cultivation of crops such as barley, sesame seeds, and dates. The Mesopotamians developed extensive irrigation systems to control the water and grow excess food, which contributed to the success of famous cities like Ur, Babylon, and Nineveh.