Final answer:
Extrapolation is not a principle of experimental design; the three key principles are Control group, Replication, and Randomization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principle of experimental design that is not a major component mentioned in your options is d) Extrapolation. The three major principles of an experimental design often include:
- Control group: to provide a standard for comparison against the impact of the experimental manipulation.
- Replication: to reduce the impact of random errors and to ensure that the results are reliable and reproducible.
- Randomization: to ensure that each participant or experimental unit has an equal chance of receiving any treatment and to minimize bias.
Extrapolation refers to extending the results beyond the scope of the study and is not considered a fundamental part of designing an experiment.