Final answer:
The type of reinforcers with innate reinforcing qualities that are not learned are Primary reinforcers, which include things like food, water, and shelter. They are essential for survival and inherently satisfying, whereas Secondary reinforcers get their value from an association with primary reinforcers.
Step-by-step explanation:
To answer the question about which type of reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities that are not learned, the correct response is A) Primary reinforcers. Primary reinforcers, such as water, food, sleep, and shelter, satisfy biological needs and provide innate satisfaction, making them inherently reinforcing. They play a fundamental role in the process of operant conditioning, a concept introduced by B.F. Skinner in his theory of radical behaviorism. In contrast, secondary reinforcers, like praise or money, derive their reinforcing power through their association with primary reinforcers. For example, Sydney, the soccer player, receiving candy (a primary reinforcer) for scoring a goal, is motivated by the intrinsic pleasure that the food provides.
Understanding the difference between primary and secondary reinforcers is crucial in educational and behavioral reinforcement strategies. For instance, using food to reinforce a behavior for animals or offering praise linked to affection are examples of how the type of reinforcer can influence the learning process. It's important to know when to use each type for effective behavioral management and learning outcomes.