Final answer:
The nucleic acid with the characteristics described in the question, including the presence of uracil and the covalent bond to amino acids, is most likely tRNA. DNA and RNA nucleotides are named after their nucleoside foundations with the addition of appropriate phosphate groups, and rRNA is known for its catalytic abilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The original question asks to identify the correct name or abbreviation for different types of nucleic acids. However, this is followed by a specific question about a type of RNA that was purified from a mixture. The characteristics of the purified molecules indicate that they are small, contain uracil, and are covalently bound to amino acids. Considering this description, the most likely type of RNA to have been purified is transfer RNA or tRNA, as it has these characteristics.
Furthermore, regarding nucleotides and naming conventions, the nucleotides found in DNA and RNA are named after the nucleoside they are derived from, with the addition of monophosphate, diphosphate, or triphosphate. For DNA nucleosides, they begin with the 'deoxy-' prefix, indicating the absence of an oxygen atom, and the names of RNA nucleosides differ slightly depending on whether they contain purine or pyrimidine bases.
Lastly, to answer another question included, the type of RNA known for its catalytic abilities is ribosomal RNA or rRNA.