Question

Which of the following statements best describes homologous chromosomes?

A) They have identical genetic information.
B) They carry genes for the same traits at corresponding loci.
C) They determine the sex of an individual.
D) They undergo random assortment during mitosis.

Answer 1

Homologous chromosomes are matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism. They have the same genes in the same order, but the specific alleles can differ. During meiosis, segments of genetic material can exchange through recombination, resulting in a shuffling of alleles. Each gamete receives one of the homologous chromosomes, leading to a unique genetic makeup.

Step-by-step explanation:

Homologous chromosomes are matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism. They have the same genes in the same order, but the specific alleles of the genes can be different on each chromosome. Homologous chromosomes replicate and synapse during meiosis, and segments of genetic material can exchange through recombination or crossover, resulting in a shuffling of alleles. Each gamete receives only one of the two homologous chromosomes, leading to a unique genetic makeup in each gamete.