Final answer:
Winds are named based on where they come from, so winds blowing towards the east are called westerlies, making the statement false. In weather patterns such as hurricanes, the Coriolis force leads to counterclockwise rotation in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise rotation in the Southern Hemisphere.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that winds blowing toward the east are called easterlies is false. Winds are named based on the direction from which they originate, not where they are blowing to. Therefore, winds that originate from the east and blow towards the west are called easterlies.
Conversely, winds that blow towards the east would be called westerlies.
Now, concerning the plane's movement relative to the wind, it is mentioned that an airplane is known to be heading north at 45.0 m/s, though its velocity relative to the ground is 38.0 m/s at an angle west of north.
To find the speed and direction of the wind, we would have to use vector subtraction to calculate the wind's influence on the plane. Considering the information provided, we can infer that the wind is affecting the airplane's trajectory, causing it to move at a slower speed in a direction that has a component to the west.
The Coriolis force significantly affects large-scale weather patterns such as hurricanes and tropical cyclones. In the Northern Hemisphere, this force causes winds to deflect to the right, leading to counterclockwise rotation in weather systems with low-pressure centers, like hurricanes.
In the Southern Hemisphere, the opposite occurs, with the Coriolis force causing a clockwise rotation.