Final answer:
Disruptive technologies like emails, smartphones, and online news have significantly displaced handwritten letters, landline phones, and printed newspapers by creating efficiencies and new user experiences that old technologies cannot match.
Step-by-step explanation:
Disruptive technologies are innovations that significantly alter the way consumers, industries, or businesses operate. They displace established technologies, creating new markets and value networks. The disruptive technologies versus their traditional alternatives in the scenario provided are:
- Emails vs. Handwritten Letters: Emails represent a disruptive technology as they offer a faster, more efficient way of communication and have largely supplanted the need for handwritten correspondence.
- Smartphones vs. Landline Phones: Smartphones have revolutionized communication by integrating multiple functions such as internet access, social media, and applications, effectively making landline phones less relevant.
- Online news vs. Printed Newspapers: The shift from consuming news through printed newspapers to digital platforms has been facilitated by the proliferation of the internet and mobile devices, rendering online news a disruptive innovation.
Radio broadcasts versus Television does not fit the disruptive technology framework as television did not disrupt radio; both continue to coexist, serving different niches and purposes.