Final answer:
Earl W. Sutherland's research revealed the process of glycogenolysis, where glycogen is broken down into glucose-1-phosphate, then into glucose-6-phosphate for use in glycolysis, particularly in liver cells to maintain blood sugar levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
Earl W. Sutherland made significant discoveries in the field of biochemistry, particularly concerning the mechanisms of glycogen metabolism in liver cells. Sutherland discovered how glycogen is broken down during the process known as glycogenolysis. This process involves the hydrolysis of glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P), which is then converted into glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P). This conversion is essential as G-6-P can enter the glycolytic pathway to be utilized in the production of ATP during exercise or periods of fasting. Glycogenolysis occurs not only in liver cells but also in muscle cells, although the liver is key for releasing glucose into the blood to maintain blood sugar levels. Sutherland's research contributes to the overall understanding of how the body maintains energy homeostasis, especially during periods of increased energy demand or low dietary glucose intake.