Final answer:
The President appoints Supreme Court Justices for life, with these appointments needing confirmation by the U.S. Senate, ensuring that judges can operate independently of political pressures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, B. Supreme Court Justices are appointed for life by the President of the United States. The process of appointing a Supreme Court Justice begins with the President nominating a candidate. Once a nominee is chosen, they must be confirmed by a majority vote in the U.S. Senate, following a principle known as "advice and consent."
This process is stated in Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution, which covers not only the Supreme Court but all federal judges as well. Their appointments are for life, meaning they serve on the bench until they retire, resign, pass away, or are impeached. The lifetime appointments are designed to ensure that federal judges are insulated from political pressures and can make decisions based on the law rather than popular opinion.