Final answer:
Neurons transmit information through electrical signals, and communicate with each other using chemical synapses. The axon of neuron A transmits the signal to neuron B, which can be in the CNS or the PNS, while neuron B's axon in the PNS is an efferent nerve that controls muscle movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct statement about neurons is B. Neurons transmit information using electrical signals. Neurons are specialized cells found throughout the nervous system responsible for transmitting signals. The axons of neurons carry these electrical impulses to specific target cells such as other neurons or muscle cells. When neurons communicate at a junction called a synapse, they do so through chemical means where neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and received by the postsynaptic neuron, which could be a neuron in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS).
For the specific questions:
- The part of neuron A that travels to the spinal cord to meet neuron B is its axon.
- The signal from neuron A is transmitted to neuron B through the release of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft.
- Neuron A is in the central nervous system (CNS) if its cell body is located in the brain or spinal cord.
- The axon of neuron B that travels in a nerve to a skeletal muscle cell is part of the PNS, and since it is carrying impulses away from the CNS towards a muscle, it is considered an efferent nerve.
The nerve signals can dictate various outcomes such as the contraction of a muscle, a response in a sensory neuron, or further signal propagation in another neuron.