Final answer:
The correct statement regarding the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP is that it involves the movement of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane in prokaryotes, and it is facilitated by oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. The correct answer is option C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP is a fundamental aspect of cellular metabolism, leveraging an electrochemical gradient for the production of ATP. The correct statement about the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP is that it involves the movement of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane in eukaryotic cells and across the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells, chemiosmosis is the flow of protons through ATP synthase.
This process, called oxidative phosphorylation, is critical for energy generation and is dependent on the electron transport chain. The electron transport system (ETS), which comprises a series of membrane-associated protein complexes and associated mobile accessory electron carriers, is integral to the process. As electrons are transferred through the ETS, protons (H+) are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes, or the plasma membrane in prokaryotes, creating the necessary electrochemical gradient for ATP synthesis by ATP synthase.