Final answer:
The U.S. Constitution specifically required the establishment of the Supreme Court, as mandated in Article III.
Step-by-step explanation:
The act of government specifically required by the U.S. Constitution is d) The establishment of the Supreme Court. The Constitution outlines the structure of the federal government, and in Article III, it specifically mandates the formation of the Supreme Court. The answer choices a) The Emancipation Proclamation and c) The Voting Rights Act are significant pieces of legislation; however, they were not specifically mandated by the Constitution. On the other hand, choice b) The Bill of Rights is a crucial component of the Constitution, comprising the first ten amendments, but it was not required by the original text of the Constitution. It was rather added shortly after the Constitution was ratified to ensure the protection of individual liberties.