Final answer:
The most accurate statement about federal and unitary systems is that in a federal system, the constitution divides powers between states and the federal government, while in a unitary system, the national government holds most of the power.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most accurate statement about federal and unitary systems of government is option B from your review questions. In a federal system, the constitution allocates powers between states and the federal government; in a unitary system, almost all powers are lodged within the national government. Unlike unitary systems where power is centralized, federal systems are characterized by a division of power between national and subnational governments.
In a unitary system, such as that of the United Kingdom or France, the national or central government holds the majority of power and can grant or remove authorities from local governments. Local or regional governments operate under the central government's authority and cannot pass laws independently. Conversely, in a federal system, like that of the United States, there are two levels of government with defined powers: the national government and the state governments, both recognized in the national constitution.
Federal systems offer a degree of autonomy to regions, which can protect against the risk of tyranny by any central authority. However, federalism can also lead to disparities across states and challenges in enacting national policies. On the other hand, unitary systems may be more efficient in law-making processes but can risk central authorities losing touch with regional needs.