Final answer:
The rate law illustrates the mathematical relationship between the reaction rate and the concentrations of reactants, represented by a specific rate constant (k) and the order of the reaction. The correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rate law is an equation that describes the relationship between the reaction rate and the concentrations of reactants. For a simple reaction where reactant A is converted into product B (A → B), the rate law showcases how the reaction rate is affected by the concentration of reactant A. This relationship can be quantified by the rate constant (k), which is specific for every reaction and must be determined experimentally.
As the concentration of reactants increases, more collisions occur between the reacting species, usually leading to an increase in the reaction rate. The rate law takes the form Rate = k[A]n, where 'n' is the order of the reaction with respect to reactant A, indicating how the rate changes with a change in concentration. It's worth noting that the rate constant's value is dependent on temperature, but it does not include factors like activation energy or enzyme specificity.