Final answer:
The rock cycle is driven by tectonic forces, erosion and sedimentation, as well as heat and pressure, with the correct answer being D) All of the above. These geological processes continuously transform one rock type into another through various mechanisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The forces that drive the rock cycle include tectonic forces, erosion and sedimentation, and heat and pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is D) All of the above. The rock cycle is a continuous process where rocks are transformed from one type to another. Tectonic forces, such as continental drift, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building, physically and chemically alter rocks, contribute to the creation of various geological features, and affect rock formation. Erosion and sedimentation play a role in breaking down rocks into smaller particles and transporting them to different locations, where they can accumulate and lithify into sedimentary rocks. Finally, heat and pressure deep within the Earth can transform existing rocks into metamorphic rocks without melting them.
For example, igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma, which can happen due to volcanic activity. Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and cementation of mineral and organic particles, and metamorphic rocks arise when pre-existing rocks are subjected to temperatures and pressures that cause physical and chemical changes, yet not enough to melt the rock completely.