Osteoclasts, large multinucleated cells derived from white blood cells, are responsible for dissolving the bony matrix during the bone resorption process, critical in bone remodeling and calcium regulation.
The cells that can dissolve the bony matrix are known as osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are specialized, large, multinucleated cells that resorb bone tissue by releasing enzymes and acids that dissolve the bony matrix. This process releases minerals such as calcium into the blood and is vital for bone remodeling and repair. These cells are distinct from other bone cells such as osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation, and osteocytes, which maintain bone tissue.
Osteoclasts originate from monocytes and macrophages, which are types of white blood cells. Their bone resorption activity is regulated by several factors including parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and thyroid hormones. The balance between osteoclasts' bone resorption and osteoblasts' bone formation ensures the maintenance of healthy bone structure.
In summary, osteoclasts are the cells that break down and dissolve the bony matrix, playing a crucial role in bone health and maintenance. They adapt bone structure in response to changing physiological needs.