Final answer:
The endoplasmic reticulum carries substances to other parts of the cell, with the rough ER being involved in protein synthesis and the smooth ER in lipid synthesis and detoxification. The correct answer to the question is B. Endoplasmic reticulum.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organelle responsible for carrying substances to other parts of a cell is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Specifically, the ER functions as a system of channels similar to waterway canals, providing passages for transporting, synthesizing, and storing materials within the cell. This comes in two forms: the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).
The RER is studded with ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs. These proteins are then sent to the Golgi apparatus, which further processes, modifies, and packages them for distribution throughout the cell or for export outside of the cell. Some of these proteins are even packaged into lysosomes - organelles which are responsible for the digestion of macromolecules.
In contrast to animal cells, plant cells perform the function of lysosomes through vacuoles, which take on the roles of storage, waste disposal, and maintaining hydrostatic pressure, among other functions. Additionally, plant cells have other organelles like chloroplasts and a central vacuole which are absent in animal cells.
As for the correct option in the final answer to the initial question which organelle carries substances to other parts of a cell, the answer is: B. Endoplasmic reticulum.