Final answer:
Industrial and organizational psychology applies psychological principles to work settings, focusing on job suitability, training, employee relations, and workplace optimization termed ergonomics. Health psychology addresses work-related health issues, aiming to improve well-being. Sport and exercise psychology studies the influence of sport and exercise on mental health and performance under stress.
Step-by-step explanation:
Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Industrial and organizational psychology (I-O psychology) is a branch of psychology that applies psychological theories and principles to organizations. It encompasses industrial psychology, which focuses on job requirements and the assessment of individuals to meet those requirements, training, evaluation, and workplace legality issues. Organizational psychology explores employee relationships, motivation, leadership, and organizational culture's effect on behavior. Human factors psychology, also known as ergonomics in Europe, studies the interaction between workers and workplace tools to optimize productivity, safety, and health.
Health Psychology
In the realm of health psychology, the concern is with stress, diseases, and disorders stemming from work conditions. Occupational health psychology (OHP) examines how organizations affect work quality and employees' responses, aiming to improve health and well-being both within the workplace and in personal life.
Sport and Exercise Psychology
Sport and exercise psychology explores the psychological aspects of sport performance, motivation, performance anxiety, and the overall impact of sport and exercise on mental and emotional wellbeing. It also covers how mental and physical performance interact under demanding conditions like military operations or surgery.