Final answer:
The phrase "everyone to his due" refers to the concept of meritocracy, which is the allocation of resources or rewards based on individual merit or contributions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phrase "everyone to his due" can be closely related to the principle of distributive justice, which concerns the fair allocation of resources, rights, and opportunities in a society. This principle is embodied in the idea that individuals should be rewarded or given resources in a manner consistent with their contributions or needs, which aligns with the concept of meritocracy. Answering the student's question, the correct meaning of "everyone to his due" is C) Meritocracy, where individuals receive rewards or resources based on their merits or contributions, rather than an equal distribution without consideration of individual contributions or needs.