Question

Identify all correct statements about the basic function of fermentation.

Select all that apply.

Option 1: The basic function of fermentation is the production of additional ATP by further oxidation of the products of glycolysis.
Option 2: The basic function of fermentation is the regeneration of NAD*, which allows continued ATP production by glycolysis.
Option 3: The basic function of fermentation is the production of ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.

Answer 1

The basic functions of fermentation are to regenerate NAD* for glycolysis (Option 2) and produce either ethyl alcohol or lactic acid (Option 3). Fermentation does not create additional ATP through further oxidation (Option 1 is incorrect).

Step-by-step explanation:

The basic function of fermentation involves several key points. First, it is essential to note that fermentation does not directly produce additional ATP; instead, it ensures that glycolysis can continue. The correct statements about the basic function of fermentation from the given options are:

• Option 2: The basic function of fermentation is the regeneration of NAD*, which allows continued ATP production by glycolysis. This process is crucial because it permits the glycolytic pathway to produce 2 net ATP molecules per glucose molecule metabolized.
• Option 3: The basic function of fermentation is the production of ethyl alcohol or lactic acid. These are the end products in alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation, respectively, and are created when NADH transfers its electrons to pyruvate or derivatives of pyruvate.

Option 1 is not correct as fermentation does not result in the production of additional ATP through further oxidation. The energy captured in fermenting cells is via the 2 ATP produced during glycolysis.