Question

(a) Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for copper (Cu) at a temperature of 959°C (1232 K). Assume an energy for vacancy formation of 0.90 eV/atom.

(b) Repeat this calculation at room temperature (298 K).
(c) What is ratio of Nv/N(1232 K) and Nv/N (298 K)? Enter your answer using scientific notation

Answer 1

To find the fraction of vacant atomic sites in copper, we use the Arrhenius equation with the constants for copper’s vacancy formation energy, Boltzmann’s constant, and the temperatures provided.

Step-by-step explanation:

To calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for copper at a temperature, we use the
`Arrhenius equation:\[\text{N}_v=\text{N} \exp\left((-Q)/(kT)\right)\] where \(\text{N}_v\)`

equired for vacancy formation, k is Boltzmann’s constan

`t (\(8.617 * 10^(-5)\) eV/K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.`

To find the fraction of vacant atomic sites in copper, we use the Arrhenius equation with the constants for copper’s vacancy formation energy, Boltzmann’s constant, and the temperatures provided.