Final answer:
Article three of the Constitution outlines the powers of the Judicial Branch, including the establishment of the Supreme Court. It describes the judicial powers that include ruling on constitutional matters and cases involving the U.S. government. The article is a key part of the separation of powers fundamental to the U.S. government's structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
Article three of the Constitution describes the powers of the c) Judicial Branch. This particular article establishes the Supreme Court as the highest court in the land and the head of the Judicial Branch. It also grants all judicial powers of the United States to the Supreme Court, allowing for the creation of inferior courts, which we understand today as the Federal court system. The judicial powers include the authority to rule on constitutional issues and cases that involve the U.S. government, including disputes among the states.
While the government power is divided among the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches, Article III specifically defines the role of the Judicial Branch. These powers are not completely separate, as the branches must sometimes cooperate or require approval from one another to function effectively, illustrating the checks and balances system. For example, the confirmation of Supreme Court justices requires the approval of the Senate, which is part of the Legislative Branch.
The Constitutional framework ensures that each branch of government—Legislative, Executive, and Judicial—has distinct and separate powers, fulfilling the principle of separation of powers, a fundamental idea expressed by Thomas Jefferson and among the core intentions of the Constitution's Framers.