Final answer:
The quote "It is emphatically the province and duty" comes from the U.S. Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison, which is not a choice among the provided options; the given options do not include the correct source.
Step-by-step explanation:
The quote "It is emphatically the province and duty" is actually from a significant legal document, but based on the provided options and the context given, none of the provided documents appear to be the correct source of this quote. The correct source of this quote is Marbury v. Madison, a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision, which is not an option in the provided choices.
The closest related document from the provided options that deals with the purposes of government and the rights of the people would be the Declaration of Independence, which effectively announced the separation of the 13 North American British colonies from Great Britain. Nonetheless, it is critical to clarify that the specific quote in question is not located within the Declaration of Independence or the other documents listed.