Final answer:
The diameter of a workpiece on a lathe is reduced by 0.2" when the cutting tool is moved 0.1" towards the center, because this reduces the radius by 0.1" on each side, affecting the whole diameter. The answer options provided do not include this correct value.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a cutting tool is moved 0.1" towards the spindle's centerline on a lathe, the diameter of the workpiece is reduced by twice that amount, because the tool is removing material from the radius of the piece, which affects the diameter on both sides. Therefore, the correct answer is that the diameter is reduced by 0.2", which isn't listed in the options provided. To clarify, moving the cutting tool towards the center of the workpiece cuts away a layer of the material, thus reducing the radius by 0.1". Since diameter is twice the radius, the entire diameter reduction is 0.2" (0.1" radius reduction on each side).
Regarding the provided reference information about angular velocity and forces on rotating bodies, it is not directly linked to the question being asked about cutting a workpiece on a lathe. Nonetheless, these concepts can provide understanding about different aspects and forces in play during the operation of rotating machinery like lathes and the dynamics of cutting processes.